Electronics / PCB Design
Your PCB Toolkit
Ace PCB hardware interviews and sharpen your design skills — trace calculators, component reference, DRC checklists, schematic guides, and more.
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Interviews done
35+
Hardware companies
50+
Components in reference
8
Tools available
Interview Simulator
Mock PCB interviews for Apple, Nvidia, Qualcomm, Tesla Hardware, Medtronic & 30+ more.
Trace Calculator
IPC-2221 trace width for current capacity. Internal vs external layers, thermal rise.
Component Reference
Passives, ICs, connectors, protection devices — values, packages, decoupling rules.
DRC Checklist
Clearance, annular ring, drill-to-copper, silkscreen, and via rules per IPC standards.
Schematic Guide
Power integrity, signal integrity, bypass caps, ESD, and common schematic mistakes.
Stackup Builder
2, 4, 6, and 8-layer stackup visualizer with impedance and EMI guidance.
Brief Generator
Realistic PCB design briefs — power supply, IoT module, motor driver, RF board.
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Ready for a real hardware interview?
BrahmWorks connects you with senior PCB and hardware engineers at Apple, Nvidia, Qualcomm, and more for live 1:1 mock interviews and schematic reviews.
Interview Simulator
Choose a company
Select a company to practice their PCB/hardware interview style with tailored questions.
Interview Config
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Trace Width Calculator
IPC-2221 Trace Width
Calculate minimum trace width for a given current based on IPC-2221 standard. Accounts for internal vs external layers and temperature rise.
Amperes — the maximum continuous current through the trace
IPC-2221 Quick Reference
External Layers
Better heat dissipation. Use k=0.048 in IPC formula. Standard for power traces.
Internal Layers
Worse heat dissipation. Use k=0.024 in IPC formula. Needs ~2× width vs external for same current.
Common Copper Weights
1 oz = 35µm (standard). 2 oz = 70µm (power). 0.5 oz = 17.5µm (fine pitch / HDI).
Rule of Thumb
1 oz copper: ~1A per mm width (external). Always add 20% margin. Check with calculator for exact values.
Component Reference
PCB Component Guide
Common PCB components — values, packages, selection tips, and schematic placement rules. Click any card for full details.
DRC Checklist
Design Rule Check
Category-by-category checks before submitting to fab. Based on IPC-2221 and common fab house requirements.
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Schematic Guide
Schematic Best Practices
Design rules and common mistakes for clean, manufacturable, signal-integrity-safe schematics.
Stackup Builder
PCB Layer Stackup
Visualize common layer stackups and get impedance and EMI guidance for your design.
Brief Generator
PCB Design Brief
Generate realistic PCB design briefs to practice your end-to-end design process.